Parents’ experience with child safety restraint in China

BACKGROUND: Child safety restraints are effective measures in protecting children from an injury while traveling in a car. However, the rate of child restraint use is extremely low in Chinese cities. Parent drivers could play an important role in promoting child safety restraint use, but not all of them take active responsibility. METHODS: This study used a qualitative approach and included 14 in-depth interviews among parents with a child, under the age of 6, living in Shantou City (7 child safety restraint users and 7 non-users). Purposive sampling was used to recruit eligible parent drivers who participated in a previous observation study. Interview data were collected from March to April 2013. The audio taped and transcribed data were coded and analyzed to identify key themes. RESULTS: Four key themes on child safety restraint emerged from the in-depth interviews with parents. These included 1) Having a child safety restraint installed in the rear seat with an adult sitting next to the restrained child is ideal, and child safety restraint is seen as an alternative when adult accompaniment is not available; 2) Having effective parental education strategies could help make a difference in child safety restraint use; 3) Inadequate promotion and parents’ poor safety awareness contribute to the low rate of child safety restraint in China; 4) Mandatory legislation on child safety restraint use could be an effective approach. CONCLUSION: Inadequate promotion and low awareness of safe traveling by parents were closely linked to low child safety seat usage under the circumstance of no mandatory legislation. Future intervention efforts need to focus on increasing parents’ safe travel awareness combined with CSS product promotion before the laws are enacted

Advances in Atomic Time Scale imaging with a Fine Intrinsic Spatial Resolution

Atomic time scale imaging, opening a new era for studying dynamics in microcosmos, is presently attracting immense research interesting on the global level due to its powerful ability. On the atom level, physics, chemistry, and biology are identical for researching atom motion and atomic state change. The light possesses twoness, the information carrier and the research resource. The most fundamental principle of this imaging is that light records the event modulated light field by itself, so called all optical imaging. This paper can answer what is the essential standard to develop and evaluate atomic time scale imaging, what is the optimal imaging system, and what are the typical techniques to implement this imaging, up to now. At present, the best record in the experiment, made by multistage optical parametric amplification (MOPA), is realizing 50 fs resolved optical imaging with a spatial resolution of ~83 lp/mm at an effective framing rate of 10^13 fps for recording an ultrafast optical lattice with its rotating speed up to 10^13 rad/s

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Dynamic Oil Accumulation in \u3ci\u3eSymplocos paniculata\u3c/i\u3e Fruit

Background Symplocos paniculata, asiatic sweetleaf or sapphire berry, is a widespread shrub or small tree from Symplocaceae with high oil content and excellent fatty acid composition in fruit. It has been used as feedstocks for biodiesel and cooking oil production in China. Little transcriptome information is available on the regulatory molecular mechanism of oil accumulation at different fruit development stages. Results The transcriptome at four different stages of fruit development (10, 80,140, and 170 days after flowering) of S. paniculata were analyzed. Approximately 28 million high quality clean reads were generated. These reads were trimmed and assembled into 182,904 non-redundant putative transcripts with a mean length of 592.91 bp and N50 length of 785 bp, respectively. Based on the functional annotation through Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) with public protein database, the key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were identified, and a schematic diagram of the pathway and temporal expression patterns of lipid metabolism was established. About 13,939 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were screened out using differentially expressed sequencing (DESeq) method. The transcriptional regulatory patterns of the identified enzymes were highly related to the dynamic oil accumulation along with the fruit development of S. paniculata. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of six vital genes was significantly correlated with DESeq data. Conclusions The transcriptome sequences obtained and deposited in NCBI would enrich the public database and provide an unprecedented resource for the discovery of the genes associated with lipid metabolism pathway in S. paniculata. Results in this study will lay the foundation for exploring transcriptional regulatory profiles, elucidating molecular regulatory mechanisms, and accelerating genetic engineering process to improve the yield and quality of seed oil of S. paniculata. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3275-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Community Safety Culture Based on the Structural Equation Model

The purpose of this study is to research community safety culture building train of thought through the analysis of the influence factors of community safety culture, This study employs a Likert scale method for the design of questionnaire, investigate community through questionnaire, obtain the relevant data, and by use of the structural equation model (SEM) of statistics, puts forward that the factors including economy, society, education, since and technology, and management form important influence factors on community safety culture. Thus we should take comprehensive measures from the above aspects in the community safety culture construction

Production of Biodiesel Using a Vegetable Oil from Swida wilsoniana Fruits

Energy demand is increasing dramatically due to the fast industrial development, rising population, expanding urbanization, and economic growth in the world and large amount of fossil fuels are widely used. The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the environmental pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels stimulate development of alternative fuels. Biodiesel today is the most popular and promising biofuel and vegetable oils are one of the potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. In order to explore the wild oil plant sources in China, the fruit oil of Swida wilsoniana, a wild woody oil plant widely distributed in the mountainous regions of calcareous sandstone, was used to produce the biodiesel by transesterification method. The reaction parameters were optimized by an orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that Swida wilsoniana fruit oil (SWO) could be conversed to biodiesel at a wide range of reaction conditions. The optimum conditions for the reaction process were determined as: methanol/oil mole ratio 5:1, catalyst dosage 1.1%, reaction temperature 60 °C, and reaction time 120 min. The characteristics of Swida wilsoniana biodiesel (SDBD) were analyzed, which was similar to that of 0# diesel. Moreover, SDBD has the advantages of higher flash point (>105) and lower ash content (<0.003). Therefore, SDBD is a safe and clean biodiesel and a promising alternative biofuel

TrkA inhibition alleviates bladder overactivity in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by targeting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

Objective(s): To investigate the potential of Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).Materials and Methods: Sixty-four female rats were randomly assigned to the control and cyclophosphamide (CYP) groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect the mRNA level of TrkA. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and TrkA. Immunostaining was used to detect the expression of TrkA in bladder sections. Contractility studies and urodynamic measurements were utilized to test the spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips and the global bladder activity, respectively.Results: Rat models of chronic cystitis were successfully established. The mRNA and protein levels of TrkA were significantly increased in the bladders of CYP-treated rats. Also, results of immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that increased TrkA expression in the CYP group was mainly observed in the urothelium layer and bladder interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICC-LCs) but not in the detrusor smooth muscle cells. The specific inhibitor of TrkA, GW441756 (10 μM), significantly suppressed the robust spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips in the CYP group and alleviated the overall bladder overactivity of CYP-treated rats. However, the inhibitory effects of GW441756 (10 μM) on the spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips and the overall bladder activity were eliminated after pretreatments with the specific blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, ZD7288 (50 μM).Conclusion: Our results suggested that increased TrkA expression during chronic cystitis promotes the development of bladder overactivity by targeting the HCN channels

Easy and Efficient Transformer : Scalable Inference Solution For large NLP model

Recently, large-scale transformer-based models have been proven to be effective over a variety of tasks across many domains. Nevertheless, putting them into production is very expensive, requiring comprehensive optimization techniques to reduce inference costs. This paper introduces a series of transformer inference optimization techniques that are both in algorithm level and hardware level. These techniques include a pre-padding decoding mechanism that improves token parallelism for text generation, and highly optimized kernels designed for very long input length and large hidden size. On this basis, we propose a transformer inference acceleration library -- Easy and Efficient Transformer (EET), which has a significant performance improvement over existing libraries. Compared to Faster Transformer v4.0's implementation for GPT-2 layer on A100, EET achieves a 1.5-4.5x state-of-art speedup varying with different context lengths. EET is available at https://github.com/NetEase-FuXi/EET. A demo video is available at https://youtu.be/22UPcNGcErg